Have you ever wondered what materials ships are constructed of and what the ship’s primary components are? A ship is constructed of steel and composite materials and contains both visible and invisible structural components.
We will learn about the many parts of ships present on all types of cargo ships in this guide.
Types of Cargo Ships
Depending on the type of sea freight cargo, there are a variety of cargo vessels and modes of transportation available.
Container Vessels
A container ship (also known as a boxship or containership) is a cargo ship that transports all of its cargo in truck-size intermodal containers using the containerization process. Most seagoing non-bulk cargo is currently transported by container ships, which are a common mode of commercial intermodal freight transit.
The capacity of container ships is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of ISO-standard 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) containers, with the latter being the most common.
Bulk Vessels
A bulk carrier is a merchant ship designed to transport unpackaged bulk goods in its cargo holds, such as grains, coal, ore, steel coils, and cement. Economic considerations have led to continuing development of these ships since the first specialized bulk carrier was built in 1852, resulting in increased size and sophistication. Bulk carriers of today are purpose-built to enhance capacity, safety, efficiency, and longevity.
Break Bulk Vessels
Break-bulk, breakbulk, or break bulk cargo, sometimes known as general cargo. It is a term used in shipping to describe products that are stowed onboard ships in individually counted units. Large numbers of articles are traditionally reported on separate bills of lading that categorize them by different commodities. This is in contrast to cargo stowed in modern shipping containers and bulk cargo. Which is delivered to a ship’s hold(s) unpackaged and in vast quantities and is quantified by volume or weight (for instance, oil or grain).
Ro-Ro Vessels
Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to transport wheeled cargo. Such as cars, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels. Or with the help of a platform vehicle such as a self-propelled modular transporter. Lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, on the other hand, load and unload cargo with the help of a crane.
Built-in or shore-based ramps or ferry slips on RORO vessels allow cargo to be efficiently rolled on and off the vessel while in port.
Multi-purpose Vessels
A multi-purpose vessel (MPV) is a seagoing ship designed to transport a variety of goods. Wood, steel, building materials, rolls of paper, and bulk freight are examples of these commodities. Vessels with and without cargo gear, coastal trade liners, and sea-river vessels are the four types of multi-purpose vessels. Larger multi-purpose vessels can transport various types of cargo on the same voyage.
Tanker Vessels
A tanker (also known as a tank ship or tankship) is a vessel used to carry or store liquids or gasses in bulk. The oil tanker, chemical tanker, and gas carrier are the three main types of tankships. Tankers also transport goods including vegetable oils, molasses, and wine. A tanker used to refuel other ships is known as an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) in the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command. But the phrases tanker and replenishment tanker are used by many other navies.
Gas Carriers
In the chemical industry, gas carriers are tankers designed to transport various liquefied gasses used for energy reasons (petroleum gasses, natural gasses) (ethylene, vinyl chloride, propylene, etc.). Or used as a raw material for making agricultural fertilizer (ammonia). The presence of unique cargo handling facilities designed to keep gas products liquid is a distinguishing feature of liquefied gas carriers. The design and operation of liquefied gas carriers are principally governed by the International Gas Carrier Code (IGC Code).
Reefer Vessel
A ship designed to convey items that require special climatic conditions, such as meat, fruit, and fish. A reefer ship has specially insulated holds into which cold air is pumped at the optimum temperature for the cargo being transported.
Livestock Vessels
A livestock carrier is a big ship that transports sheep, cattle, and goats live from one location to another. They are either newly constructed or converted container ships.
Seagoing vessels that have been adapted or built specifically for the transport of live animals.
Live animals may be transported as cargo on numerous types of ships, subject to suitable regulation. This mode of conveyance is more popular on short sea crossings (for example, ferries) and usually involves a small number of animals. Livestock carriers are ships that specialize in transporting large numbers of live animals together with their necessary supplies for the journey.
Different Parts of Ship and Their Function
In this guide, we’ll take a look at :
Different Parts Of Ship And Their Function
- 1 ) Anchor
- 2 ) Bow
- 3 ) Bow Thrusters
- 4 ) Accommodation
- 5 ) Deck
- 6 ) Ships Hull
- 7 ) Keel
- 8 ) Freeboard
- 9 ) Engine Room
- 10 ) Funnel
- 11 ) Navigation Bridge
- 12 ) Deck Crane
- 13 ) Forecastle
- 14 ) Propeller
- 15 ) Rudder
- 16 ) Mast
Materials for Making Parts of Ship
Steel
Some of the key parts of ship made using steel comprise of:
- Main deck plating
- Bottom plating
- Thickness stringer plate
- Keel
- Sheer strake
- Longitudinal bulkheads upper strake
- Rounded gunwales
- Deck strake in the way of the longitudinal bulkheads
- Bilge strake
Welded steel sections and plates can be used to make crosstrees, mast tables, and other ship parts.
Derrick booms are typically made of welded seamless tubular steel lengths.
Aluminum Alloys
1- Aluminum is lighter than mild steel, and employing it can save you up to 60% of the weight of a steel building. This is a significant benefit for cargo ships in terms of increasing cargo carrying capacity.
2- Aluminum has a great corrosion resistance.
3- Aluminum is a non-magnetic metal that requires little maintenance.
Copper Alloys
Copper alloys such as brass are commonly used to create ship propellers.This is due to the fact that the materials used to make components of materials can withstand the corrosive effects of seawater.They can reduce cavitation by using copper alloys.The phenomenon occurs when a propeller under huge stress creates a low pressure zone.
Glass Fiber/Foam Plastics/Cork
The ship’s steel hull construction is a strong heat conductor.As a result, you’ll need some form of insulation at the points where the desired temperature must be maintained, such as refrigerated chambers.It is lightweight, fire-resistant, vermin-proof, and moisture-resistant.
How to Prevent and Manage Corrosion of Parts of Ship
Here are a few strategies for preventing and managing corrosion in ship parts:
Apply Coatings
Applying coatings to portions of the ship that are most susceptible to corrosion, such as the hull, is one of the most effective strategies to prevent and control ship corrosion. Because this part of the ship is below the waterline, it is more exposed to harmful salts and minerals. It can be protected by using a two-part coal-tar epoxy and a vinyl tar coat.
Corrosion is also a problem on the deck, especially when the weather is bad. Seawater can wash up on the deck during storms or high tides, causing surface damage. While repainting the deck may assist to repair the damage, an alkyd, and chlorinated rubber coating is recommended to offer protection from seawater and normal wear and tear.
Use the Correct Materials
Corrosion can cause serious damage depending on the ship’s and tanks’ materials. Many metals are more prone to corrosion than others, so keep that in mind when repairing or constructing parts.
Stainless steel and polymers are more corrosion resistant, while particular nickel and titanium alloys are designed to prevent corrosion. And they are great materials for ensuring the ship’s maximum protection and longevity.
Follow Proper Maintenance Procedure
Ships are less prone to suffer from rust if they are maintained properly. Following a maintenance plan will enable you to detect any early indicators of damage and take the necessary steps to resolve the problem before the damage becomes too severe.
However, this can result in increased costs, but many people have found that outsourcing maintenance is a cost-effective solution. Matt Koch, the Marines’ program manager for corrosion prevention and control, claimed in a Bloomberg report that they save more money due to a 2005 decision to outsource vehicle maintenance.
Protect Electrical Circuits
Keeping your ship’s electrical systems dry can assist prevent and controlling corrosion. Use waterproof insulation around cable connectors to do this.
Electrical bonding is also a good idea. To bring all undersea metals to the same potential, this approach entails linking them together using wires or bonding strips. This keeps stray currents from corroding the system.
Methods of Welding Parts of Ship
Here are the common techniques used in welding ship parts:
Electric Arc Welding
Arc welding’s basic premise is to link a metal electrode to an electrical power supply, establishing a closed circuit when the electrode touches the plate. When the electrode is lifted a few millimeters above the plate, the electric current leaps the gap, resulting in a high-temperature electrical arc. The parent metal and the metal in the electrode melt, as a result, allowing both metals to fuse.
Gas Welding
Instead of flux, gas shielded arc welding systems use a gas blanket to offer arc insulation from the surrounding environment. They’re commonly employed in shipyards to fuse the lighter constructions together.
Brazing and Soldering
In principle, brazing and soldering are the same in that they both melt just the filler metal (braze or solder), not the base materials. The capillary action of the liquid filler metal wets the base materials. The liquid filler metal bonds to the foundation materials when it solidifies, forming a junction. The melting temperature of the filler metal is what distinguishes soldering from brazing; brazing is hotter.
Electroslag Welding
Electroslag welding is a welding procedure in which heat is generated by an electric current traveling through a molten slag covering the weld surface between the consumable electrode (filler metal) and the workpiece.
Thermite Welding
Thermite welding is a type of welding that uses molten metal to link conductors permanently. An exothermic reaction involving a thermite composition is employed to heat the metal, and no external source of heat or electricity is required.An aluminothermic reaction between aluminum powder and metal oxide releases heat.
Laser Welding
Laser beam welding (LBW) is a metal or thermoplastic part joining procedure that uses a laser. The beam acts as a focused heat source, enabling thin, deep welds and fast welding speeds. Welding in the keyhole or penetration mode is used.
Electron Beam Welding
Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding procedure in which two materials are connected by a beam of high-velocity electrons. As the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted into heat upon impact, the workpieces melt and flow together. To avoid the electron beam from dissipating, EBW is frequently done in a vacuum.
Stud Welding
Stud welding is a flash welding technique that involves joining a fastener or a specially engineered nut to another metal part, commonly a base metal or substrate. The fastener can come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but it usually falls into one of three categories: threaded, unthreaded, or tapped.
The Best Paints for Parts of Ship
Fading and peeling paint is one of the things you should keep an eye on. The best yacht paint on the market today is the ultimate solution for this. Here’s how to figure out which paint is suitable for you:
- Based on the Material of Your Boat: You don’t have to use a certain sort of boat paint to match all types of boats. Keep in mind that many materials can be utilized to construct a boat. As a result, determining the material of your boat is critical before beginning the painting process. Aluminum, wood, and fiberglass are all possibilities.
- Paint Composition: While numerous marine paints can provide the highest gloss or desired effect, you must be aware of their composition. The number of compounds in these paints can be harmful, putting your health in danger if you come into contact with them.
- You’ll paint the following boat parts: The finest paint for boats is one that can withstand lengthy exposure to the outdoors when it comes to painting the exterior of your boat. Antifouling paint is primarily designed for usage below the waterline. If the product is antifouling or acceptable for use below the waterline, it will say so on the label.
Strains and Constraints on Parts of Ship
Static Strains
The main cause of the strains is generally a lack of longitudinal mass distribution. The distribution of forces along the length of the vessel may not be uniform. Even when the vessel’s entire weight is balanced by total buoyancy forces, this can happen.
Hogging
This occurs when there is a concentration of buoyant forces around the midship region while there is a weight at the ends. At the stern and bow, the vessel will tilt downwards, while the region amidships will incline upwards. Parts of the ship’s deck structure will be subjected to tensile strain, while the base structure will be compressed.
The scenario can be compared to a beam with support in the middle and weight carrying at the ends.
Sagging
When there is a concentration of buoyant forces below the stern and bow of a cargo vessel, sagging occurs. At the margins and amidships, the ship has a tendency to tilt upwards.
Ship elements in the deck structure are compressed, while the base structure is tensed. The phenomenon is analogous to a beam supported on both ends and loaded in the middle.
Dynamic Strains
When the cargo ship is underway, certain conditions become more stressful.
The action of waves on the ship hull in rough conditions is the principal source of dynamic stress on ship sections.
Types of Cargo Vessel Construction
This style of framing is used on ships that are less than 120 meters long. The circles formed by the beams, frames, and floors are closely spaced. The parts of the ship that give longitudinal strength in shipbuilding’s transverse framing are:
Keel
Side girders
Center girder
Deck girders
Side shell plating and deck
Entire bottom
Tanktop
The use of transverse framing ensures that the structure is strong enough to handle rolling, vertical loads, dry docking, and overall pressures. Shock stresses, but, may cause distortions between the rings.
Longitudinal Framing
Large cargo ships, such as bulk carriers and oil tankers, require a longitudinal frame. The rings are formed by deck beams, wed frames that replace the frames, and floors. The rings are spaced more apart than the transverse spacing. The ship’s longitudinal strengthening members are made up of the following parts:
- Girders
- Keel
- Deck girders
- A large number of the bottom, side, and deck longitudinals, which are thin though, are several of them.
Mixed Framing
This ship design incorporates both transverse and longitudinal structures. One sort of framing is used in one area of the ship, while the other is used in another. Transverse framing for the sides and longitudinal framing for the deck and bottoms is the most common combination.
Types of Cargo Transported by Ship
a) General Cargo
- Break-Bulk Cargoes
- Neo-bulk Cargo
b) Bulk Cargo
- Dry Bulk Cargoes
- Liquid Bulk Cargoes
c) Containers
d) Ro-Ro Cargo
e) Refrigerated Cargo
Types of Containers Used on Ship
Dry Cargo Container
Dry cargo containers are perfect for commodities that don’t need to be kept at a specific temperature and come in a number of shapes and sizes to fit a variety of uses. The most common container is the standard container, which comes in a variety of sizes. For commodities that cannot be contained within the height of a regular container, such as large industrial goods, another dry cargo variation is the Open Top. Find the best dry cargo container for your needs.
Open Top Containers
Open top containers are unique containers in the system, and there aren’t many of them. As a result, they are frequently more expensive in container trading.
Flat Rack Containers
A flat rack container is used to transport or store cargo that has unusual proportions. Flat racks have only the bulkheads on the short side of the container, allowing the goods to poke out the side during transportation.
Ventilated Cargo Containers
Passive (naturally) ventilated or coffee containers are examples of ventilated containers. Ventilation apertures in the top and bottom side rails offer ventilation. The apertures do not let spray to enter, preventing cargo degradation due to rain or spray, for example.
Tunnels And Open Side Cargo Containers
Our tunnel shipping containers have been designed to the highest standards and are suitable for a wide range of business applications.
The tunnel shipping container comes in 20-foot and 40-foot lengths, with double doors on each end, making it ideal for situations that require extra access.
Double Door Containers
The double door container is an exact replica of a regular dry container, but it has two doors on each end instead of one. If you need to load two distinct types of goods into the same container, double door containers are an excellent alternative. That is, you can access them simultaneously from two ends.
Car Carrier Containers
Car transport containers are used to transport automobiles by road and rail. However, in rare circumstances, automobile carrier containers are also utilized to ship by water. RORO (Role On Roll Off) transportation arrangements are commonly used to transport cars and other vehicles by water.
Refrigerated Cargo Containers
A refrigerated container, often known as a reefer, is a type of intermodal container (shipping container) that can be used to transport temperature-sensitive, perishable cargo such as fruits, vegetables, meat, and other perishable goods.
How to Import Parts of Ship from China
Identify Ship Parts to Import
It’s critical to gather all pertinent information regarding the ship parts you plan to ship from China. Obtain descriptive literature, information on part compositions, and, if possible, product samples.
Make Sure there Exist no Import Barriers on the Ship Parts
To avoid delays, make sure the portions of the ship you wish to send from China have noisemport barriers.
Carrier restrictions, excessive customs charges, and/or a failure to meet essential safety and quality standards could all be obstacles.
Find a Parts of Ship Supplier in China
After deciding on the ship parts, the next step will be to identify a dependable source.
Though Alibaba is the most popular supplier marketplace for most purchasers, there are various more possibilities available through a Google search.
However, it is important to keep in mind that the Alibaba supplier may not be the producer of ship parts.
Determine Products Landed Cost
You can determine your bottom line by calculating the landed cost. The price includes the whole cost of the ship’s pieces from the production to your door. The cost of ship parts, insurance, customs, and shipment are all included.
Prepare Your Shipment
It’s a good idea to start planning freight shipping a fortnight before the products are ready to ship. The first step in preparing a shipment is to find a freight forwarder. Even if you already have a trusted freight forwarder, make sure to get freight quotes from multiple forwarders.
Track the Cargo
Ship parts from China take time to arrive. You should receive an arrival notification within five days or less of the port’s arrival. The notice is from the registered destination agent on the B/L.
Get your Shipment
Engage your customs brokers when your cargo arrives to assist in the clearance of the products through customs.
Major Container Shipping Companies
Here are the largest shipping companies in the world:
- China Ocean Shipping Company ( COSCO)
- A.P. Moller – The Maersk Group
- The CMA CGM Group
- The Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC)
- Hapag-Lloyd
- The Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation
- Ocean Network Express(ONE)
- Pacific International Line(P.I.L)
- Hyundai Merchant Marine
- Evergreen Lines
Classification Societies for Inspection of Parts of Ship
Several classification bodies oversee the initial and ongoing examination of cargo ships and ship parts.
They are well-known and reputable organizations that assess and maintain a ship’s seaworthiness and assign it a classification.
Here are some of the internationally recognized Classification Societies:
- Nippon KaijiKyokai (Japan)
- RegistroItalianoNavale (Italy)
- Russian Register of Shipping (Russia)
- Germanischer (Germany)
- Det Norske Veritas (Lloyd Norway)
- Bureau Veritas (France)
- American Bureau of Shipping (United States of America)
- Lloyd’s Register of Shipping (Great Britain)
Shipbuilding Companies in China
The main ship construction yards in China include the following:
- China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC)
- China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC)
- Fujian Shipbuilding Industry Group Corporation (FSGIC)
- COSCO Shipyard Group
- Afai Southern CIC Shipyard(Panyu Guangzhou) Ltd.
- China’s Shipping Industry Company (CIC)
- TSUNEISHI GROUP (ZHOUSHAN) SHIPBUILDING INC.
- PaxOcean Engineering Zhuhai Co China
- China Shipbuilding Trading Corporation (CSTC)
- Dalian ShipbuildingIndustry Co., Ltd.
At Honourocean shipping company, we offer comprehensive freight forwarding solutions. Don’t hesitate to contact Honourocean shipping company for further help.
